{"id":100629,"date":"2021-12-25T08:49:41","date_gmt":"2021-12-25T13:49:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/?p=100629"},"modified":"2021-12-25T08:49:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-25T13:49:41","slug":"the-story-of-hafezs-eternal-resting-place-part-two","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/2021\/12\/25\/the-story-of-hafezs-eternal-resting-place-part-two\/","title":{"rendered":"The Story of\u00a0H\u0101fez\u2019s Eternal Resting Place \u2014\u00a0Part two"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nasser Kanani (Berlin)<\/strong><\/p>\n

In 1811 the British scholar William Price<\/em> (1780-1830), who had obtained the situation of Assistant Secretary<\/em> to the Right Honourable Sir Gore Ouseley, Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from His Britannic Majesty to the Court of Persia<\/em> thanks to his good knowledge of Persian, copied the complete inscriptions on the tomb of H\u0101fez during a visit to his shrine and published them in 1825.<\/p>\n

At the top of the gravestone the following sentence was sculptured in Arabic:<\/p>\n

God is the enduring, and all else passeth away.<\/p>\n

In the middle of the gravestone the following ghazal<\/em> was engraved:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0698\u062f\u06c0 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0632 \u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0633\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06c0 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0645<\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0632 \u0644\u062d\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0645<\/p>\n

\u06af\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0645 \u062a\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u063a\u0648\u0634\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u06af\u0647 \u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0645<\/p>\n

\u062e\u06cc\u0632 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0632 \u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0632\u0645<\/p>\n

Announce the glad tidings that my soul may rise in thy enjoyment. <\/em><\/p>\n

I am a bird of Paradise, and will fly from the snares of the world. <\/em><\/p>\n

Were I but a servant of the table of thy elect, <\/em><\/p>\n

I should rank above all the great men of the universe. <\/em><\/p>\n

Oh Lord, let the cloud of guidance rain, <\/em><\/p>\n

I may arise enriched with thy glory. <\/em><\/p>\n

Sit on my tomb with wine and music, <\/em><\/p>\n

That I may rise out of it amid dancing lovers. <\/em><\/p>\n

Though I am old, let me embrace thee one night, <\/em><\/p>\n

And I shall rise next morning in the vigour of youth. <\/em><\/p>\n

Oh image of sweet actions, arise and show on high <\/em><\/p>\n

That I as Hafiz, soar above the world and evil spirits.1<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n

Around the ghazal<\/em> the following verses were enchased:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634<\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0644\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0640\u067e\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634<\/p>\n

\u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n

\u06af\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u06af\u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0634\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0640\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0622\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0686\u0648 \u0645\u0640\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06342<\/sup><\/p>\n

Oh my heart! submit to the Sovereign of the universe and govern thy passion. <\/em><\/p>\n

Show a sense of gratitude for divine protection <\/em><\/p>\n

Many who put on an outward show, are not worth a single barley corn; <\/em><\/p>\n

Let such hypocrites be banished to the mountains. <\/em><\/p>\n

This day I am living with thy people, O Ali, <\/em><\/p>\n

And to-morrow I may be summoned before the tribunal of the saints. <\/em><\/p>\n

He who is not Ali\u2019s friend, lives in infidelity, <\/em><\/p>\n

Tell him to depart, and spend his days in solitude. <\/em><\/p>\n

Let him kiss the tomb of the eighth emperor, and high-priest of the true faith, <\/em><\/p>\n

And perform his devotions at its gate. <\/em><\/p>\n

Oh Hafiz, prepare the way for the King\u2019s servant, <\/em><\/p>\n

And guard it whilst man is on this passage.<\/em>3<\/sup><\/p>\n

From a historical point of view, the most important inscription on H\u0101fez\u2019s tombstone was the two lines (\u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\/\u0628\u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u0651\u06cc) engraved on the corners of the tombstone. They are the first and the last lines of the original Persian chronogram mentioned earlier. The intermediate lines had been omitted probably for lack of space. William Price himself offered the following English translation for these two lines:<\/p>\n

Khojeh Hafiz the lamp of the wise, <\/em><\/p>\n

Seek the date in the soil of Mosella <\/em><\/p>\n

He also provided the procedure for calculating the year of H\u0101fez\u2019s death.<\/p>\n

In 1812, a German diplomat by the name of M. Freygan, took a trip to Shiraz and while residing in the city he paid a visit to the shrine of H\u0101fez. His description of the burying place of the poet reads as follows:<\/p>\n

\u201cHafiz, their greatest poet, sang the praises of love and wine: his Anacreontics4 <\/sup>are much esteemed by the Persians. He was buried at the distance of two miles from Shiraz; Kerim Khan erected near his tomb a magnificent hall, in the midst of a beautiful garden; opposite to which, formerly, there played a grand fountain, whose streams refreshed the air. The tomb of white marble stands amidst a thick shade of planes; here the young people of Shiraz assemble, to repeat the verses of Hafiz; while they indulge in the wine of the place, which is so much the more relished, as it is prohibited by the Koran.\u201d5<\/sup><\/p>\n

In 1821 Sir William Ouseley (1767-1842), a British orientalist and Sir Gore Ouseley\u2019s elder brother, gave the following description of H\u0101feziyeh in his travel accounts:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe H\u00e1fiz\u00edah<\/em> is built of brick; the wall which enclose the cemetery is ornamented on that side next the road with shallow niches, or arches filled up; the garden-wall is plain. In a chamber near his [H\u0101fez\u2019s] grave, are prepared the Poet\u2019s collected works or Div\u00e1n<\/em>, as a vakf<\/em> or religious endowment. I do not believe that it is the same book described by Pietro della Valle, (who visited the Tomb of H\u00e1fiz in 1622) as well written, ornamented with gold, and perfect.\u201d6<\/sup><\/p>\n

In 1827 an English scholar by the name of Josiah Conder (1852-1920) visited the graveyard of H\u0101fez and provided the following report:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe tombs of Hafiz and Saadi7<\/sup> are among the first objects which a stranger naturally inquires after. That of Hafiz is placed within a quadrangular enclosure, called the Hafizeah<\/em>, not far from the Isfahan gate. A range of chambers forming a pleasure-house, divides the quadrangle into two parts: one, facing the city, is a garden; in the back court is placed the poet\u2019s tomb, at the foot of one of the cypresses planted with his own hands. The monument, which, in its present state at least, is the work of Kureem Khan, is a parallelogram of Tabriz marble, beautifully variegated, with a projecting base. On the tablet, two of his odes are very beautifully cut. In one of the adjoining chambers, the poet\u2019s collected works are preserved as a vakf<\/em> or endowment. This is a place of great resort for the citizens, who repair thither to smoke Kaleoons<\/em>, drink coffee, and chaunt the anacreontics of their favourite poet\u2026\u201d8<\/sup><\/p>\n

In 1830 the British author, journalist and traveler James Silk Buckingham (1786-1855) spent some time in Shiraz and wrote a long report after visiting the burying place of H\u0101fez:<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is formed of an oblong case of marble, twelve spans in length, by four in breadth, and about the same in depth, standing on a basement of stone elevated about a foot from the ground, and projecting a foot each way beyond its lower dimensions. The sides and ends of this case are perfectly plain, and the marble is marked by slightly waving veins running horizontally along the slabs in close order, changing the general colour of white by its variation of shades to a cloudy yellowness. The upper slab, which is laid flat on these sides and ends, is free from such veins, and may be called perfectly white. Around its edges is a small rope moulding, neatly cut; and the body of the interior contains the Ode of Hafiz, in the letter Sheen [\u0634], beautifully executed in high relief; the letters large, and of the finest possible forms. This ode occupies the whole face of the stone, except just leaving room for a small border round it; and this border is formed by a succession of certain sentences and sayings of the poet, in separate compartments, going all around the edge of the tomb. The marble is said to be that of Tabreez, which is in general described to be formed of a combination of light green colours, with here and there veins of red, and sometimes of blue; but in this instance the upper stone is perfectly white, and the sides and end ones only streaked horizontally by a close succession of cloudy and waving lines, thus differing from any other of the Tabreez marbles that I had elsewhere seen. Like the tomb of Saadi, that of Hafiz was said to have been placed on the spot which he frequented when alive; and his grave, it is believed, stands at the foot of a cypress planted by his own hands. It is only six months since that this sacred tree had fallen down, after having stood so many years; and though it was sawed off, the trunk is still preserved above ground, to be shown to visitors. Had such an event happened in England, every fibre of it would have been preserved with as much care as the mulberry of Shakespeare, but here it was generally disregarded. The first constructor of the tomb of Hafiz was one of his contemporaries. The present structure, however, is ascribed to the munificence of Kurreem Khan.\u2026 In the open central portico of the building which divides the burying-ground from the garden, are some marble pillars with Arabic capitals, no pedestals, and plain shafts, each in one piece; their proportions being, like those already described, nearly Doric. The garden beyond it has many fine cypresses and flower-beds, but there are no tombs there. Travelling Dervishes from all parts of the East come here occasionally to occupy the few chambers that are set apart for them; but the place itself, with the Book of Hafiz, and the tomb, are all under the charge of a Moollah of Shiraz.\u201d9<\/sup><\/p>\n

In 1830 the English author-traveler George Fowler who spent three years in Persia noted the following after visiting the tomb of H\u0101fez:<\/p>\n

\u201cHis tomb is of white marble, in a small garden called Hafizeen, near Shiraz, and on the tablet are two of his odes very beautifully cut. I copy the following from his epitaph.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is but just that thou shouldst receive attribute from all fair youth, since thou art the sovereign of all the beauties of the universe. Thy two piercing eyes have thrown Khata<\/em>10<\/sup> and Khoten<\/em>11<\/sup> into confusion. India and China pay homage to thy curled locks\u2014thy graceful mouth gave the streams of life to Khezr<\/em>12<\/sup>\u2014thy sugared lip renders the sweet reeds of Egypt contemptible<\/em>.\u201d13 <\/sup>The Persian original of the poem George Fowler has referred to here reads as follows:<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0632\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648 \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062e \u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u062a\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0622\u0628 \u062e\u0636\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0628 \u0686\u0648 \u0642\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n

This poem is, however, not inscribed on H\u0101fez\u02bcs gravestone!<\/p>\n

In 1839 Jean-Baptiste Flandin (1809-1889), a French orientalist, archaeologist and painter set out for Persia accompanied by the above-mentioned French architect Pascal Coste. During the years 1839 to 1841 they traveled across the country and visited also the tomb of H\u0101fez in Shiraz. In their book \u201cVoyage en Perse<\/em>\u201d they published remarkable drawings and paintings of Persian monuments and landscapes, among them of H\u0101feziyeh (Fig. 6).<\/p>\n

Fig. 6: H\u0101feziyeh around the year 184014<\/sup><\/p>\n

Tahm\u0101sb Mirz\u0101<\/strong><\/p>\n

The tomb of H\u0101fez and the site around it were restored and repaired one more time in 1857 by Tahm\u0101sb Mirz\u010115<\/sup> a governor of the province of F\u0101rs.<\/p>\n

A year later, in 1858, a British official by the name of Robert Binning (1814-1891) who was an administrator in the East India Company visited Shiraz and the shrine of H\u0101fez. Here is his account of the burial site of the poet:<\/p>\n

\u201cIn the morning, I went in company with my landlord, to view the gardens and remarkable places, in the vicinity of the town; and we proceeded, in the first place, to visit the tombs of the two great bards of Sheerauz, H\u00e2fiz and S\u00e2dee, with whose works I had long been familiar. The tomb of the great lyric bard of Persia lies in a garden named the H\u00e2fizeeya, about half a mile north-east of the Ispahan [Isfahan] gate of the city. The garden, which is scarce two acres in extent, is surrounded with a brick wall about twelve feet high; and is divided into two portions, by a kind of summer-house, running across the centre from side to side. The southern half of the garden is several feet lower than the rest, and is filled with trees and shrubs; while the upper division is, in fact, a burying ground, containing, besides the tomb of H\u00e2fiz, a great number of monuments. The exterior wall enclosing the upper half, is worked in tauk-nem\u00e1<\/em> [\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0627] or false arches, a common fashion here, which looks better than a plain brick partition. The door of the garden is on the west side of the upper half, and in the centre of the cemetery, lies the grave of H\u00e2fiz, covered with a huge slab of marble, on the surface of which are sculptured two of the poet\u2019s odes. This marble is of a yellowish colour, streaked with veins of red, white, and green; and closely resembles Egyptian alabaster. It is brought from a quarry near Yezd. The slab was placed here about ninety years ago, by Kureem Khan, then sovereign of Persia, and who made Sheerauz his capital; who with very doubtful propriety, removed the old monument, which had stood here since the poet\u2019s interment. The slab is more than nine feet long, about four feet broad, and a foot and a half thick. The odes are beautifully carved in low relief, upon its level surface\u2014one occupying the centre of the stone, and the other inscribed round the margin of the first. There formerly stood beside the tomb, a cypress tree, said to have been planted by the hand of H\u00e2fiz; and which, the custodian of the garden told me, took fire and was burnt, some years ago. It is a common belief, among the Persians, that the cypress, as well as many other trees, when very old, take fire spontaneously and consume. The keeper of the garden has in his charge, a large and finely written copy of the works of H\u00e2fiz, which was transcribed and placed here, in Kureem Khan\u2019s time. It has been asserted that the copy written by H\u00e2fiz\u2019s own hand was taken from hence by Shah Abbas the Great: but this must be an error, as it is generally known that H\u00e2fiz, like Shakespeare, left no complete volume of his works; which were not collected and given to the world, until after his decease.\u201d16<\/sup><\/p>\n

In 1867 \u00c1rmin V\u00e1mb\u00e9ry (1832-1913), a Hungarian orientalist and scholar of oriental languages, was along the way to Shiraz to pay a visit to H\u0101fez\u2019s graveyard. He noted in his travel accounts:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe grave of Hafiz, standing in a larger cemetery, may be seen not far from Saadi\u2019s mausoleum. The site of his grave is marked by a monument of white marble erected by Kerim Khan, and the inscription carved upon it is a verse from his own book, the Divan. I frequently visited the grave, and, to my astonishment, found at times a merry carousing company seated about it, drinking their wine; at other times it was surrounded by penitent pilgrims. The former look upon Hafiz as their great master in a life of carelessness and jollity; the latter consider him a saint and come here to beseech him to intercede for them. Some sing his songs while the cheering cup is going the rounds, whilst others deem his book as holy as the Koran itself.17<\/sup><\/p>\n

On the occasion of visiting Shiraz, \u00c1rmin V\u00e1mb\u00e9ry also witnessed the dilapidated state of H\u0101fez\u2019s beloved river, the stream of Rokn\u0101b\u0101d:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe recollection of some verses by Hafiz, full of praises of the shores of Ruknabad and the flowery places of Musalla, which I had retained in my memory, contributed to raise my expectations to the highest pitch. We had been advancing for about half an hour when the shout of \u201cRuknabad! Ruknabad!\u201d burst simultaneously from the lips of my companions. I immediately dismounted, thinking we should have to pass over the bridge, crossing the river, and wishing, in doing so, to lead my animal by the bridle; but my pains were all wasted. The Ruknabad river, of which poets deemed it right to sing, had shrunk into an insignificant brook hardly three spans wide, the shallow waters of which gaily leap over its gravel bottom.18 <\/sup>In 1869 the British orientalist and linguist Herman Bicknell (1830-1875), while residing in Shiraz and translating H\u0101fez\u2019s poetry, caused to make a plate of the Mossall\u0101 Gardens, which he published in 1875 in his book \u201c\u1e24\u00e1fiz\u0324 of Sh\u00edr\u00e1z<\/em>.\u201d The plate is reproduced in Fig. 7. The cemetery in which H\u0101fez was buried can be seen on the right side of the plate.<\/p>\n

Fig. 7: Mossall\u0101 Gardens (left) and H\u0101feziyeh (right) around 186919<\/sup><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In 1874 an English traveler by the name of John Piggot who had visited Shiraz and the tomb of H\u0101fez in, noted:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe garden, called the Hafiziya, which contains the tomb of the poet, is close by the city of Shiraz. This garden contains both a burial ground and pleasure garden. In the centre of the former is the tomb, covered with a large slab of yellow and red Yezd marble, placed there by Kureem Khan (1753-79). Two of the poet\u2019s odes are sculptured on its surface, but the tomb and surrounding walls were much injured by the earthquake of 1825. Not content with rebuilding the tomb, Kureem placed in the hands of its custodian a fine copy of the odes of the poet. This is much used for taking fals<\/em>.\u201d20<\/sup><\/p>\n

to be continued<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ebenezer Pocock: \u201cFlowers of the East; with an Introductory Sketch of Oriental Poetry and Music<\/em>,\u201d Hamilton, Adams & Co., London, MDCCCXXXIII (1833), p. 201.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06f2\u06f4\u06f1\u06f4\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06f4\u06f6\u06f7\u06f7 \u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc. \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u062c\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u00ab\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0632\u00bb \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u062c \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u00ab\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u064a\u06a9 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u06a9\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u064a\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u200f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a.\u00bb<\/li>\n
  3. Ebenezer Pocock, op. cit<\/em>., pp. 201-202.<\/li>\n
  4. Anacreon (582-485 B.C.) was a Greek lyric poet.<\/li>\n
  5. F. K. von Freygang and W. von Freygang: \u201cLetters from the Caucasus and Georgia: To which are Added, the Account of a Journey into Persia in 1812<\/em>,\u201d John Murray, London, MCCCXXIII (1823), p. 358.<\/li>\n
  6. Sir William Ouseley: \u201cTravels in Various Countries of the East<\/em>,\u201d Vol. II, op. cit<\/em>., p. 4.<\/li>\n
  7. Saadi considered one of the greatest poets and prose writers in the Persian language was born in Shiraz in 1210 and died there in 1291.<\/li>\n
  8. Josiah Conder: \u201cModern Traveller. A Description, geographical, historical, and topographical of the various countries of the glob in thirthy volumes, volume the twelfth: Persia and Chian<\/em>,\u201d James Duncan, London, MDCCCXXX (1830), pp. 341-342.<\/li>\n
  9. James Silk Buckingham: \u201cTravels in Assyria, Media, and Persia<\/em>,\u201d Vol. II, Herny Colburen, London, 1830, pp. 23-27.<\/li>\n
  10. Cathay: \u062e\u064e\u062a\u0627, the old Persian name for China.<\/li>\n
  11. Khitan: \u062e\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0646, the old Persian name for Tartary, the north-eastern region of modern-day China.<\/li>\n
  12. Khezr (\u062e\u0630\u0631): a highly revered figure in the Muslim world because of his great wisdom and mystic knowledge. The Sufis believe that he, always clothed in a green robe as an emblem of perennial youth, occasionally appears at holy places to persons whom he desires especially to favor.<\/li>\n
  13. George Fowler: \u201cThree Years in Persia with Travelling Adventures in Koordistan, in two volumes<\/em>,\u201d Henry Colburn, Publisher, London, 1841, pp. 45-46.<\/li>\n
  14. Drawing by the French orientalist Eug\u00e8ne Flandin, see footnote 17.<\/li>\n
  15. \u0634\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0624\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647 (\u06f1\u06f1\u06f8\u06f4-\u06f1\u06f2\u06f6\u06f1 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u06cc) \u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n
  16. Robert B. M. Binning: \u201cA Journal of Two Years\u2019 Travel in Persia, Ceylon etc. in two Volumes<\/em>,\u201d WM. H. Allen and Co., London, 1857, pp. 216-219.<\/li>\n
  17. \u201cArminius Vamb\u00e9ry<\/em>: His Life and Adventures Written by Himself<\/em>,\u201d T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1884, p. 127.<\/li>\n
  18. Arminius Vamb\u00e9ry, op. cit<\/em>., p. 135.<\/li>\n
  19. Herman Bicknell: \u201c\u1e24\u00e1fiz\u0324 of Sh\u00edr\u00e1z, a selection from his poems,<\/u><\/em>\u201d London, Tr\u00fcbner & Co., 1875, <\/u>pp. xvi-xvii<\/li>\n
  20. John Piggot: \u201cPersia \u2014 Ancient and Modern<\/em>,\u201d Henry S. King & Co., London, 1874, p. 198.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Nasser Kanani (Berlin) In 1811 the British scholar William Price (1780-1830), who had obtained the situation of Assistant Secretary to the Right Honourable Sir Gore Ouseley, Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from His Britannic Majesty to the Court of Persia thanks to his good knowledge of Persian, copied the complete inscriptions on the tomb of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phart"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["fa","en"],"languages":{"fa":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100629"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100629\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100631,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100629\/revisions\/100631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}