{"id":75701,"date":"2019-06-25T18:47:03","date_gmt":"2019-06-25T23:47:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/persian-heritage.com\/wordpress\/?p=75701"},"modified":"2020-04-13T16:18:35","modified_gmt":"2020-04-13T21:18:35","slug":"a-brief-list-of-persian-scientists-and-scholars-who-had-major-contributions-to-knowledge-in-the-medieval-islamic-era","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/2019\/06\/25\/a-brief-list-of-persian-scientists-and-scholars-who-had-major-contributions-to-knowledge-in-the-medieval-islamic-era\/","title":{"rendered":"A Brief List of Persian Scientists and Scholars Who Had Major Contributions to Knowledge in the Medieval Islamic Era"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bahar Bastani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Islamic Sciences:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Salman the Persian (Salman Farsi, 656 CE), religion commentator & companion of Prophet; Imam Abu Hanifa (699\u2013767), Islamic scholar, founder of \u201cHanafi School of Fiqh\u201d; Imam al-Bukhari (810\u2013870) prominent Islamic scholar, compiler of \u201cSahih Bukhari\u201d hadith book; Imam Muslim (818-875), Islamic scholar, compiler of \u201cSahih Muslim\u201d Hadith book; Imam al-Tirmidhi (824\u2013892), Islamic scholar, compiler of \u201cal-Jami\u2019 as-Sahih\u201d(Jami\u2019 at-Tirmidhi) Hadith book; Imam Abu Dawood (c. 817\u2013889), Islamic scholar, compiler of the \u201cSunan Abu Dawood\u201d Hadith book; Hakim Nishapuri (known as the \u201cImam of the Muhaddithin\u201d: 933\u20131014), Islamic scholar; Mansour Hallaj (858\u2013922), mystic, poet, a major figure in the Sufi tradition. He is most famous for his saying: \u201cI am the Truth\u201d (Ana\u2019l-\u1e24aqq); Sheikh Saduq (Ali ibn Babawaih: 923\u2013991), Theologian, prominent Shia Islamic scholar, the collector of the Hadith book \u201cMan la Yahduruhu al-Faith\u201d one of the 4 most authentic Shia Hadith books; Sheikh Tusi (known as \u201csheikh al-ta\u2019ifah\u201d): 996\u20131067).<\/p>\n

Theologian, prominent Shia Islamic scholar, founder of Shia jurisprudence, the collector of the Hadith books \u201cTahdhib al-Ahkam & al-Istibsar\u201d 2 of the 4 most authentic Shia Hadith books; Al-Ghazali (Algazel, 1058\u20131111), Theologian, perhaps the single most important integrator of Islamic knowledge in the first millennium of Islam, he brought Tasawwuf (Sufism) into the mainstream of Islamic sciences; Mahmud al-Zamakhshari (1075\u20131144), a rationalist theologian, he is best known for Al-Kashshaaf a seminal commentary on the Quran; Sheikh Abdul Qader Gilani (al-Jilani, 1077\u20131166) orator, ascetic, jurist, theologian, the founder of Qadiriyya spiritual order of Sufism; Bahaud Din Naqshband (1318\u20131389), prominent Sufi master, the founder of what became one of the largest and most influential Sufi Muslim orders, the Naqshbandi order; Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi (1207\u20131273), Islamic scholar, theologian, poet, Sufi mystic master, his Masnavi (Mathnawi) is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language; Mohsen Feyz Kashani (d 1680) Shia Theologian, mystic, philosopher, Hadith narrator.\u00a0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Medicine & Chemistry Sciences:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jaber ibn Hayan (Geber; 721\u2013815), a polymath who is considered the father of chemistry. He emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turned it into a science.<\/p>\n

Zakariya Razi (Rhazes, 854\u2013925), a polymath, physician, chemist and physicist, philosopher. He was among the first to use Humoral theory to distinguish one contagious disease from another, and wrote a pioneering book about small pox and provided clinical characterization of the diseases.\u00a0 He also discovered numerous compounds and chemicals including alcohol and kerosene.<\/p>\n

Abu Mansur Muwaffaq (10th century), pharmacologist; Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980\u20131037), a polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, philosophers, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age. He has been described as the father of early modern medicine; Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur; Ibn Abi Sadiq (11th century), \u201cThe Second Hippocrates\u201d, an Avicenna\u2019s disciple ; Esfarayeni (13th century), physician; Zakariya Qazwini (1203\u20131283), physician.\u00a0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Naubakht (9th century), designer of the city of Baghdad; Nayrizi (865\u2013922), mathematician & astronomer; Abu Raynham Al-Biruni (973\u20131048) is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era in physics, mathematics, astronomy, natural sciences, also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist, and linguist; Juwayni (1028\u20131085), philosopher; Khaj e Nasireddin Tusi (1201\u20131274), mathematician, philosopher; Sharafeddin Tusi (d 1213\/4), mathematician; Juvayni (1226\u20131283), historian; Qutbeddin Shirazi (1236\u20131311), astronomer; Sheikh Bahai (1547\u20131621) mathematician, architect, engineer, designer, astronomer, Islamic\u00a0 scholar, poet; Muhammad Baqir Yazdi (17th century), he gave the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056.\u00a0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Humanities, Philosophy, History, Poetry:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ibn al-Muqaffa\u2019 (Persian name = Rozbih pur-i Dadoe: d 756), Persian translator, a pioneer in the introduction of literary prose narrative to Arabic literature; Sibawayh (760-796) authored the first book (Al-Kit\u0101b) on theories of Arabic grammar. He has been referred to as the greatest of all Arabic linguists; Al-Farabi (Pharabius, 872\u2013950), philosopher, recognized as \u201cthe Second Master Teacher\u201d after Aristotle; Tabari Amoli (839\u2013923), a prominent historian; Bayhaqi (994\u20131066), historian; Istakhri (d 957), geographer, gave the earliest known account of windmills.<\/p>\n

Hakim Ferdowsi (934\u20131027) the famous poet, compose the famous Persian \u201cShah Nameh\u201d, a classic poem book that extols the achievements of pre-Islamic heroes of Persia.<\/p>\n

Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin al-Qushayri (986\u20131074), philosopher; Nasir Khusraw (1004\u20131088), Ismaili scholar, mathematician, philosopher, traveler and poet; Khaj e Nizam ol-Molk Tusi (1018\u20131092), the great vizier; Shahrestani (1086\u20131153) historian of religions; Nizami Ganjavi (1141\u20131209), a romantic poet; Hakim Mulla Sadra (Sadr-ol-Mote\u2019allehin;1572\u20131640), philosopher, theologian, the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years, founder of Transcendent Theosophy (al-Hikmah al-Muta\u2019liyah); Mulla Hadi Sabzevari (1797\u20131873), poet and philosopher.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bahar Bastani Islamic Sciences: Salman the Persian (Salman Farsi, 656 CE), religion commentator & companion of Prophet; Imam Abu Hanifa (699\u2013767), Islamic scholar, founder of \u201cHanafi School of Fiqh\u201d; Imam al-Bukhari (810\u2013870) prominent Islamic scholar, compiler of \u201cSahih Bukhari\u201d hadith book; Imam Muslim (818-875), Islamic scholar, compiler of \u201cSahih Muslim\u201d Hadith book; Imam al-Tirmidhi (824\u2013892), […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recposts"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["fa","en"],"languages":{"fa":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75701"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75701\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/PERSIAN-HERITAGE.COM\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}